SADELINE HEALTH CARE TRUST: OBESITY

Tuesday, 19 August 2014

OBESITY

Obesity is a major health problem. It affects a large proportion of the population and adversely affects health and longevity. It either is a cause or is correlated with health problems such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension, and such physiological effects as depression, withdrawal, poor self concept, and self pity. Many agree that reducing the incidence of obesity would advance public health. Our society is tremendously preoccupied with obesity. Data from a 1985 National Health Interview Survey indicated that 45% of females and 27% of males were trying to lose weight. Weight reduction is a multibillion-dollar industry; programs specifically aimed at weight management have spread rapidly in recent years. Nevertheless, obesity persists in our society. BODY COMPOSITION Body weight consists of many components, the relative proportions of which vary among individuals. Total body weight, which includes bone, muscle, fat, blood, and so on, is conveniently divided into the lean body mass and fat mass. Lean body mass is the weight of all body tissue except fat. Fat mass is the portion of the total body weight that is composed of fat tissue. Body fat is stored in various organs of the body, such as the heart, liver, lungs, and brain. In addition, body fat is retained in adipose tissue, including the fat surrounding various internal organs as well as the subcutaneous layer of fat just beneath the skin. Some body fat is essential as an energy store, for protection of internal organs, as a component of nerves and cell membranes, and as insulation against heat loss. Essential body fat is 3% to 5% for adult males and 11% to 14% for adult females of their total body weight, respectively. The average college-age woman has between 20% and 25% of her total body weight made up of fat. The average college-age man has between 12% and 18% body fat. However, it must be indicated that persons who engage in strenuous physical activities on a regular basis tend to have lower body fat percentages. It is recommended that body fat percentage not go below 5% in men and 12% in women because a certain amount of body fat is necessary for good health

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rushwa ni adui wa haki

JE WAJUA ATHARI ZA RUSHWA KATIKA KAZI AU ENEO LA KAZI?

Rushwa ni kitu ambacho kinatolewa ili uweze kupata kitu Fulani au kuhudumiwa kwa haraka kwa kutofuata utaratibu unaotakiwa kisheria au kihalali.

Rushwa inaweza kuwa ni fedha, ngono, au uwajibikaji wa kazi Fulani.

Tunaporudi katika eneo la kazi Rushwa ipo katika njia 3:

1. NgonoSuala la ngono limekua likiwatesa sana mabinti wengi kushinda wanaume hasa katika upatikanaji mzima wa kazi au kazi kwa vitendo wanapokua katika masomo yao, hasa ya elimu ya juu.Vile vile katika suala la uongezaji wa mishahara wapo baadhi ya mabosi au waajiri wanaotaka kwanza ngono ndipo waongeze mishahara au kumpandisha cheo mfanyakazi.

2. Fedha/Kitu cha ThamaniKuna baadhi ya watu hupendelea kupewa fedha au kitu cha thamani ili waweze kutoa haki ya msingi kwa mhitaji.Na fedha hutolewa ili watu waweze kupata kazi,kupendelewa au kupunguziwa majukumu ya kazi, kupandishwa cheo au kukwepa majukumu Fulani.Pia waajiri wengine au waidhinishaji wa ajira (baadhi yao ) wamekua wakiendekeza suala la kupokea vitu vya thamani kama njia ya kumuidhinisha mtu apate kazi. 3. Ngono na Fedha/ Kitu cha thamaniKwa wakati mwingine rushwa ya ngono, fedha au kitu cha thamani inatumika kwa wakati mmoja(hutolewa) katika eneo la kazi.

NI KWA NAMNA GANI RUSHWA HII INACHUKUA NAFASI?

Pale panapokua na maombi ya kazi na endapo mwombaji anajuana na mwajiri(kutokujiamini kwa baadhi ya waombaji wa kazi mara nyingi hupelekea hali hii),

Unapokua sio muwajibikaji wa majukumu yako. Pindi utakaapoonekana sio mtekelezaji mzuri wa wajibu, unajiweka katika wakati mgumu hasa pale unapofika hatua yakusimamishwa au kuachishwa kazi. Mara nyingi hatua hii inapelekea uombaji na utoaji wa rushwa tajwa hapo juu,

Unapokiuka kanuni,sheria na taratibu za kiofisi mfano kupigana au kutoa kauli mbaya kwa wafanyakazi wengine n.k

Kwa baadhi ya wafanyakazi kutojua haki zao pindi wanapokua katika eneo la kazi hivyo kupelekea kuwa na hofu Fulani ambayo ni rahisi kushawishika kutoa ngono pindi anapokosea na kutishiwa na mwajiriau mkuu wake wa kazi,

Kuwa muwazi kupita kiasi kwa kutoa matatizo yako kwa mwajiri/mkuu wa kitengo unachofanyia kazi.Hapa nieleze wazi,kuna baadhi ya watu sio wavumilivu na ni rahisi kuweka mezani maisha yake yote,ugomvi na hata matatizo yake ya kifamilia.Kitendo hiki humpa mwanya msimuliwaji kukusaidia hivyo kupelekea urahisi wa wewe kutoa rushwa yoyote endapo ataomba baada ya kukusaidia,

ATHARI ZA RUSHWA KATIKA KAZI

Uvunjwaji wa sheria,kanuni na taratibu za kazi

Matatizo na kutokuelewana kwa baadhi ya wafanyakazi hasa panapokua na rushwa ya ngono (uhusiano wa kimapenzi) kwa mwajiri na mfanyakazi mara nyingi uwajibikaji unapungua au haufanyiki kabisa hivyo kupelekea ukwamishwaji wa kazi za wengine ( team work)

Huduma nzuri kwa wateja kupungua hivo kua na athari moja kwa moja kwa kampuni au shirika.(Bad reputation)

Utatuzi wa jambo kuchukua muda mrefu hivyo kusababisha hasara

Kuwa na na tatizo la wafanyakazi kuacha kazi (Labour turnover),hii ina athari kubwa sana na husababisha hasara zisizoepukika.

NINI KIFANYIKE?Kila mtu anatakiwa ajiamini hasa unapoomba kazi (mfano una elimu,na una nia na lengo why should you fear?) siku zote kuna kupata au kukosa. So have confidence.Tusijirahisishe kuwa watoaji wa rushwa mbalimbali,
Waajiri wawe wanatoa kanuni, sheria na taratibu za kufanya kazi ikiwemo haki za mfanyakazi.(hii itamsaidia mtu kujua wajibu na mipaka yake ya kazi),

Mfanyakazi kuwajibika ipasavyo na kwa wakati,

Kutenganisha mambo yakifamilia na ya kazi,eneo la kazi iwe ni kazi na si mahala pakuzungumzia matatizo yako tu.(tuwe wasiri)

Tuwe na mkakati binafsi wakutokutoa wala kuomba rushwa katika shughuli yoyote.

Wewe binafsi una njia au ushauri wowote katika kupambana na rushwa? Tusifikirie katika kutoa adhabu kali tu bali katika kukataa na kutokuomba.Shiriki katika hili kwa kuandika hapa totokomeze rushwa!!!!

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